DET Chapter 6

Norman pointed out that the good design evolves and “the design is tested, problem areas are discovered and modified, and then it is continually retested and remodified until time, energy, and resources run out.” (142)  He explains that designers work to improve the products created so the experience the user has with the product is better or at least different.  Later on, he says once the product is satisfactory, to change it would be unnecessary. After reading this chapter, I realized if I go into product creating, I would always look for ways to improve a product or how something is done but I also have to learn the limit. I would have to figure out when it stops being worth changing. To create innovations that are unnecessary for the public, even if they are more efficient (like the Dvorak keyboard Norman discussed), would be unwise. The innovation created must be worth the effort to adjust to change and in some cases, it will not be worth the effort.

When creating a product, Norman points out people tend to prioritize one aspect of the products they make while downgrading the rest. Some people place aesthetics over usability and cost/ease of manufacture. Others place usability first (something I would probably do) and some place the best cost/ease of manufacture as their priority.  It is important to keep in mind, when we are creating the products for the athletes at CRI, all factors must be treated as equally important.

Finally, another important topic he brings up is projecting our own ideas and our place in the design making and product using process. He says, “We tend to project our own rationalizations and beliefs onto the actions and beliefs of others.” (155) This concept is extremely important to remember because as a group of able-bodied designers who are creating products for athletes whose bodies do not work completely like ours do, we have to really ask and consider what they need. We do not know best but hopefully we can learn to the best of our capabilities. There is a difference in being an expert on the device and an expert on the task. Obviously, when we create the device we become an expert on how it works but it is important to see if the task of the device is carried out the way the user wants it, not how we imagined it to be.  

DET CH.1

Don Norman’s The Design of Everyday Things showed the factors and fundamental principles that should go into making products that are easily usable and understandable to the people attaining the products. The first chapter emphasizes that when product fails to be fully functional and understandable to the user, it is not the fault of the user. Rather it is the fault of the designer who did not take the effort to consider how others may be affected by the product. Recently, a friend of mine was telling her sister how dumb she was for pushing a door meant to be pulled and I remembered the countless times I fell into the same situation but never thought much of it. Norman goes on to explaining in the book that these incidences are an indicator for a problem with the design of a product. He uses simple everyday occurrences, products, and behaviors to show a familiar pattern of interactions between people and machines to explain their place in our lives. He delves deeper into what problems can arise when a user is interacting with a product. He also looks into the thought processes and natural behaviors of the engineer, designer, and user when interacting with the created or creation of a product.

Norman’s book is an interesting read because it introduces new terminology, like human-centered design, affordances, signifiers, constraints, mappings, feedback, and conceptual modelling, to introduce principles and aspects of the human-machine interactions. However, his work is easy to follow because he will either introduce a term and give its definition and then use a series of relatable examples to drive his point home. He also does the opposite where he brings up the examples that many people can relate to when thinking about their interaction with everyday products and then shows how the new term can be applied to their and his own situations. For example, he compares the backseat driver to a machine that gives too much feedback. While both give mostly accurate information, they are too overwhelming and distracting to actually be helpful. (pg. 24)

Many of the terms used by Norman have very similar purposes but he puts emphasis on their differences to show their role in the design of a product.

A simple product that can be explained well by Norman’s book is a pen. It “affords” writing, drawing, lifting, moving around and bookmarking in a text and its anti-affordance is that the writing from a pen cannot be erased like the writing from a pencil with an eraser at the tip. Both affordance and anti-affordance are perceivable. The signifier on my specific pen would be the bottom at the tip that you can push to let the writing tip out. Other pens could have caps instead and they would signify that the cap has to be taken off to use the pen. Although you cannot see the complete inside of the pen, you can see the coil inside and with conceptual modeling and mapping, you understand that with the help of the coil, the writing tip can go in or out when the other tipped is pushed down upon.

What intrigued me about the pen was the movement of the ink from inside the pen to the writing on a page. I understand that the ball point pen has a small ball that rolls at the tip to get the ink from the inside to the outside. However, how do other pins without the ball tip transport the ink out and is there more to the model of pen than one can see? Most pens come in cylinder or hexagonal cylinder shape and I wonder why and how that came to be the norm for pens. We can understand the mapping and movement of the pen tip but sometimes, pens "explode" and the ink splotches everywhere and I have yet to know how and why that happens.